refactor: migrate (some) curriculum files to TypeScript (#62228)

Co-authored-by: Huyen Nguyen <25715018+huyenltnguyen@users.noreply.github.com>

curriculum/tsconfig.json

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+  "references": [{ "path": "../shared/tsconfig.json" }],
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "rootDir": "./src",
+    "outDir": "./dist",
+    "declaration": true,
+    "target": "es2022",
+    "module": "nodenext",
+    "strict": true,
+    "forceConsistentCasingInFileNames": true,
+    "esModuleInterop": true,
+    "resolveJsonModule": true,
+    "noEmit": false,
+    "noUncheckedIndexedAccess": true,
+    "skipLibCheck": true // vitest cannot import cjs. The options are 1) migrate to esm, 2) don't type check tests and 3) skip lib checks
+  }
+}