refactor: migrate (some) curriculum files to TypeScript (#62228)

Co-authored-by: Huyen Nguyen <25715018+huyenltnguyen@users.noreply.github.com>

tools/challenge-parser/parser/index.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// TypeScript declaration file for challenge-parser/parser
+// This module exports functions to parse challenge markdown files
+
+type ChallengeFile = {
+  name: string;
+  contents: string;
+  ext: string;
+  editableRegionBoundaries: number[];
+  head?: string;
+  tail?: string;
+};
+export interface ParsedChallenge {
+  id: string;
+  title: string;
+  challengeType: number;
+  description?: string;
+  instructions?: string;
+  questions?: string[];
+  challengeFiles?: ChallengeFile[];
+  solutions?: {
+    contents: string;
+    ext: string;
+    name: string;
+  }[][];
+  [key: string]: unknown; // Allow for additional properties that may be added by plugins
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parses a markdown challenge file asynchronously
+ * @param filename - Path to the markdown file to parse
+ * @returns Promise that resolves to the parsed challenge data
+ */
+export function parseMD(filename: string): Promise<ParsedChallenge>;
+
+/**
+ * Parses a markdown challenge file synchronously
+ * @param filename - Path to the markdown file to parse
+ * @returns The parsed challenge data
+ */
+export function parseMDSync(filename: string): ParsedChallenge;

tools/challenge-parser/translation-parser/index.d.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+export interface ChallengeFile {
+  contents: string;
+  ext: string;
+  name: string;
+}
+
+export interface Challenge {
+  id: string;
+  title: string;
+  challengeFiles?: ChallengeFile[];
+  [key: string]: unknown;
+}
+
+export interface CommentDictionary {
+  [comment: string]: {
+    [lang: string]: string;
+  };
+}
+
+export function translateComments(
+  text: string,
+  lang: string,
+  dict: CommentDictionary,
+  codeLang: string
+): { text: string };
+
+export function translateCommentsInChallenge(
+  challenge: Challenge,
+  lang: string,
+  dict: CommentDictionary
+): Challenge;
+
+export function translateGeneric(
+  input: { text: string },
+  config: {
+    knownComments: string[];
+    dict: CommentDictionary;
+    lang: string;
+  }
+): { text: string };

tools/challenge-parser/translation-parser/index.js

@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@ exports.translateCommentsInChallenge = (challenge, lang, dict) => {
   if (challClone?.challengeFiles) {
     challClone.challengeFiles.forEach(challengeFile => {
       if (challengeFile.contents) {
-        let { text } = this.translateComments(
+        // It cannot be this.translateComments because 'this' does not exist
+        // when imported into an ES module.
+        let { text } = exports.translateComments(
           challengeFile.contents,
           lang,
           dict,